Analysis Of Bram Stoker s Dracula - 1997 Words

Bram Stoker’s Dracula was written in 1897. This was a time that the Victorian era and its values were changing and meeting their ends. The male-dominant world was evolving to an equal opportunity society. This meant women were no longer oppressed and limited socially, educationally, economically, or even sexually. The end of the Victorian era also called for growth in technology and medicines. Old ideas were diminishing while new ideas of the world were flourishing. Whether it be the pro femininity, new outlooks, or advances in technological and medicinal aspects, we can find these concepts portrayed in various ways throughout Dracula. At the time Stoker wrote the story, they were new ideas and the first time the certain issues were†¦show more content†¦We see this concept covered in various areas of the story. In Dr. Seward’s diary in chapter XI, he writes, â€Å"†¦the flowers were of medicinal value†¦What does it all mean? I am beginning to wonder if my long habit of life among the insane is beginning to tell upon my own brain† (Stoker 124). In this entry we have witnessed Dr. Seward continue his ongoing battle to save Lucy from her sickness. During this time he has been unable to derive a proper diagnosis and normal treatment has had no positive effects. He has resorted to old superstitions of leaving garlic flowers and crucifixes in her presence to ward off any evil. We are also introduced to Van Helsing, another doctor, who for Lucys health is repeatedly performing blood transfusions. Yet this is another failing medical practice. The idea that modern science cannot stop this monster and instead he can only be defeated by superstitions and legends, is almost a mock of the Victorian advancements. This is still a relevant topic today. Medical technology and practice is something we as humans are forever going to need. Studying a story in the turning point of that growth gives us knowledge of what beliefs and roots medic ine started from. It seems that the story deems medical science to be useless, but we know that is not true. Another relation to modern day is the introduction of new faith the story represents. In the story we see signs ofShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Bram Stoker s Dracula 1330 Words   |  6 Pages Bram Stoker in Dracula imagines a â€Å"proper women† by demonizing Lucy ascribing to her traits of a wanton woman; a whore of a demon. A misogynistic attitude is popular in a patriarchal society, especially in the middle of the nineteenth century. On the other hand, Stoker unconsciously ties Mina’s behavior to emulate a woman of propriety. She is the very bane of what a progressive woman looks like but not when looking at her through a gynocritics lens. To prepare the reader for the ideology of theRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Bram Stoker s Dracula1285 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar, further explaining that the â€Å"uncanny effect is produced by effacing the distinct ion between imagination and reality.† (Freud pg.396) Bram Stoker s, Dracula, captures the thematic zeitgeist of gothic Europe; the repression and trappings of a rigid and formal society masking the carnal and base desires of the population at large. Freud s analysis of the uncanny, of attraction mixed with disgust, lays bare the underlying sentiment of stoker’s narrative; emphasizing on purity and virtue byRead MoreAnalysis Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1448 Words   |  6 PagesDracula is a widely known novel written by Bram Stoker in 1897. It is popular worldwide for its intense love story and backstory of the infamous Count Dracula. Stoker was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1847. As a child, he was very ill, so in an attempt to entertain himself, he read several books and listened to the horror stories his mother told him. In turn, Stoker became interested in ghost stories and began writing them. Gothic fiction was a genre that was extremely popular during this time periodRea d MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Dracula And Bram Stoker s `` Dracula ``1886 Words   |  8 Pagesestablished an impact worldwide. Writers such as Oscar Wilde and Bram Stoker, two Irishmen that know of Whitman’s writings through the poet’s popularity growing up as children and young adults, had become advocates of the controversial topics Whitman wrote about. Wilde and Stoker’s writing styles differ from Whitman’s: Wilde is known for his involvement with the Aestheticism movement and Stoker for his classic horror novel, Dracula. Both men have personally met Whitman on multiple occasions in hisRead MoreSexuality In Bram Stokers Dracula1082 Words   |  5 PagesSexuality in Bram Stoker s DraculaBram Stoker s Dracula, favorably received by critics upon publication in 1897, entertained its Victorian audience with unspeakable horrors such as vampires invading bedrooms to prey on beautiful maidens under the guise of night. The novel s eroticism proved even m ore unspeakable. Received in the era of repression, it remains questionable whether Dracula s readership perceived the sexuality flowing from the page. An advocate for the censorship of sexual materialRead MoreFilm Adaptation Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1320 Words   |  6 PagesBram Stoker’s frightening tale of Count Dracula has struck horror into the hearts of many since it was originally penned. In 1987, Bram Stoker wrote the revolutionary tale Dracula that played off the fears of the people of the era. The plot and characters that make the novel great also translate nearly perfectly to cinematic adaptations. Starting in the early 1900’s, directors have done their best to portray the terror that the original novel inspired. Francis Ford Coppola’s Bram Stoker’s DraculaRead MoreOral Dracula from a Reader and Femminist Perspective1443 Words   |  6 PagesBram Stokers Dracula an oral presentation Good Morning/Afternoon Today I will review Bram stokers 1897 novel Dracula, the approaches I will be using to reviewing the novel include the world centred approach, and the reader response approach exploring the themes of reader positioning and the authors intented reading and reader, then focusing on the world centred approach of the feministtheory. reader centred -attention on the reader -different readers from different social, cultural, religiousRead MoreBram Strokers Dracula: The Man Behind the Count Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesBram Stoker’s Dracula is a story of horror, suspense, and repulsion. The main antagonist, Count Dracula, is depicted as an evil, repulsive creature that ends and perverts life to keep himself alive and youthful. To most onlookers that may be the case, but most people fail to see one crucial element to this character. Dracula is a character that, though it may be long gone, was once human, and thus has many human emotions and motives still within him. Let us delve into these emotions of a historicallyRead More Intertextual Exchange in Carmilla, Dracula and the Historian1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Writers seldom duplicate their influential precursor(s); rather, they often work within a certain framework established by other writers or generic conventions, but vary aspects of it in significant ways† (Friedman 155). Sh eridan Le Fanu’s, Carmilla, Bram Stoker’s, Dracula and Elizabeth Kostova’s, The Historian, clearly engage in this intertextual exchange, as evidenced by their use of narrative structure and striking character parallels. Published in 1872, Le Fanu relates the story of CarmillaRead MoreA Common Concern Throughout The Victorian Era2100 Words   |  9 Pagesconformed to these roles and followed the gender expectations of their society. Bram Stoker s Dracula describes a post dated European setting in which most women are subject to explicit gender roles and stereotypes. The norm in this society is for women to be modest, prim and proper. However, the novel narrates the possibilities of a situation in which women don t conform and thus are scrutinized. Bram Stoker s purpose in Dracula is to express the threat faced by men when encountering women who are in

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1613 Words

Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is a novel that is based on one’s rough journey as an African man. Throughout the novel, the reader is shown the struggles an African citizen could have dealt with at the time. However, one detail that the author shows is the ability Okonkwo has to love not just as a parent, but as a man. While reading Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo faces many challenges that have relation to the youth of the community. Though the reader sees Okonkwo as a tough, brave man in the society; deep down Okonkwo cares for children. An example of Okonkwo’s caring attributes would be when he regrets not doing anything while hearing the twins cry in the Evil Forest, his depressed state post-killing Ikemefuna and when the Oracle calls for Ezinma. In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is introduced to the protagonist of the novel named Okonkwo. Throughout the novel, the reader comes to realize that Okonkwo is obsessed with being a man and wants nothing to do with feminism. However, one characteristic that isn’t characterized under masculine is one’s ability to love. The reader of Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is shown that no matter what, Okonkwo will always care for youth. An example of this would be when Okonkwo heard the twins crying in the Evil Forest. In the Achebe culture, they find as if twins are a curse to the society. Therefore, they will take the newborns and keep them in the â€Å"Evil† Forest in order to die: â€Å"Nwoye had heard that twins were put inShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Article Analysis on Marijuana Free Essays

Medical Marijuana? A young woman has HIV. In fact, she has had HIV for 7 years. She contracted it from her boyfriend after her first sexual experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Analysis on Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, she has taken a turn for the worse. Her body is now deteriorating. She is going through cachexia, what one would refer to as HIV wasting syndrome. Cachexia defined, is the physical wasting and malnutrition of the body that is associated with chronic disease. HIV wasting syndrome causes infected people to lose weight and to suffer from damaging diarrhea, among other things. She is always in an extensive amount of pain, affecting numerous parts of her body. The physicians that she visits have tried countless treatments to alleviate her suffering; however, nothing seems to work. There is an experimental drug, on the other hand, whose efficacy to alleviate HIV wasting symptoms is being tested now. The drug that could help ease this young woman’s pain and suffering is cannabis or, in other words, marijuana. Marijuana, in most states, is said to have no medical benefits. Therefore, it is considered a schedule 1 controlled drug by the national government. This means that marijuana cannot be used as treatment for any medical conditions or ailments. The young girl now faces the grim reality that something out there may be able to lessen her suffering, but because of governmentally mandated laws, she will not be able to obtain it lawfully. Many American citizens face this scenario each year. Whether marijuana is illegal or not is not up for debate in this essay. What is up for discussion is if marijuana can be used as an effective drug to provide medically defined sick individuals with relief from what ails them. As afore mentioned, this essay is to discuss the legalization or continued illegalization of medical marijuana for the sake of the many citizens in poor health. David G. Evans wrote a letter to the Time magazine editor entitled, â€Å"Medical Marijuana: an oxymoron†. David G. Evans argues that the national government should continue the prohibition of Medical Marijuana. His most justified argument is the fact that the Food and Drug Administration has yet to approve medical marijuana for medical use (Evans par. 2). On the other hand, Kevin O’Brien and Peter A. Clark argue for the legalization of medical marijuana in needed cases. They claim that in some instances medical marijuana is the only form of medicine that is effective. They both collaborated to write the case study â€Å"Mothers and Son: the case of Medical Marijuana†. A third article will be used to discredit or reinforce each article’s claims in a judicious indiscriminate manner. The third article is a research paper written by Tia Taylor from the American College of Physicians. The article is regarding medical marijuana. This in-depth researched paper has highly researched and supported arguments. The research paper’s goal is to clarify the Physicians’ intentions for medical marijuana and to argue reasons how medical marijuana could be an asset to the medical field. The two articles are well written as well as principally factual. Notwithstanding, one article is more persuasive and more factually based then the other. The case study â€Å"Mother and son: the case of medical marijuana† has slightly more reasonable claims, therefore it would seem to have the better argument. In an attempt to be unbiased, a comprehensive analysis of both articles is needed. This will be done in a way that discusses each author’s claims and some of their intrinsic worth. The title of the first article is â€Å"Medical Marijuana: an oxymoron. † This article is a letter to the editor printed in Time Magazine and written by David G. Evans. David G. Evans is the executive director of the Drug-Free Schools Coalition, a program that teaches children about the dangers of using drugs. His job qualifications entail knowing information about marijuana and other harmful drugs. As a result, he is well informed about issues of drugs as well as being a stern opponent of anything pro-drug. He makes a great deal of relevant claims. One such claim is that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has yet to approve smoked marijuana as medicine (Evans par. 2). This is because smoked marijuana has yet to meet the clinical trial standards for public use. Many organizations reject marijuana because smoked marijuana is â€Å"crude† or ineffective (Evans par. 4). Marijuana is not a very good choice of medicine when compared to other safer and effective drugs. Evans claims that smoking is not the most effective way to deliver the drug to the body (Evans par. 5). In addition to not being able to calculate the dosage of marijuana effectively, there are harmful side effects that the use of marijuana can create. He claims that marijuana use increases the chances of addiction and drug use among children (Evans par. 7). He also claims that marijuana’s continued mainstreaming is obstructing children’s view of it as a dangerous drug. He goes on to say that, the states with pro-medical marijuana â€Å"initiatives† have the highest amount of drug addictions (Evans par. 7). He goes on to end by saying that he is a cancer survivor and he knows how it feels to have feelings of hopelessness (Evans par. 9). He says that he is not against people who actually need medical marijuana. He is in opposition to the people who will manipulate the system to support their drug habits (Evans par. 8). The following article is entitled â€Å"Mother and son: the case of medical marijuana† from The Hastings Center Report. This second article is a case study done by Kevin 0’Brien and Peter A. Clark. The subject of the case study is a family, a mother and her seven-year-old son JJ. JJ is hyperactive and aggressive; in fact, he has been like this for most of his life (Clark, O’Brien par 1). He has seen numerous physicians as well as had numerous medicines prescribed to help treat his condition (Clark, O’Brien 2). Nonetheless, nothing seems to work very effectively. JJ’s mother began trying to find alternatives that could possibly help her son. In 2001, she discovered that marijuana could possibly help her son (Clark, O’Brian par. 3). With counsel from her son’s physician, she began JJ on a daily regimen of marijuana. Thus far, JJ’s mother has seen improvement in her son’s condition after treating him with medical marijuana. Medical marijuana has helped this young child function. Kevin O’Brien and Peter A. Clark have written their opinions in this case study; however, this essay will only focus on Peter A. Clark’s opinion for the sake of time. Peter A. Clark is an associate professor of health administration and theology at Saint Joseph’s University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is also the bioethicist for Mercer Health System in Philadelphia. He supports the use of medical marijuana. He reinforces his opinion by using information from eleven scientists commissioned by the president of the United States and appointed by the Institute of Medicine to study marijuana in 1999 (Clark, O’Brian par. 14). The reports say that the benefits of the medical use of marijuana are limited because of the adverse affect of the smoke. They still recommended the use of it if no other options were effective. They also found that administering the drug to sick people does not influence the drug use of the general public. According to the study, marijuana is not a gateway drug and the fact that the government still has not reclassified marijuana as a schedule 2 drug is jeopardizing the health and well-being of many Americans (Clark, O’Brian par. 14). He says that we are now faced with two good and bad consequences: marijuana can sometimes work better than some conventional methods and marijuana has adverse long-term effects that can lead to addiction (Clark, O’ Brian par. 5). He also talks about the fact that Marinol is an alternative to marijuana; however, it has its shortcomings (Clark, O’Brien par. 17). Marinol is a synthetic form of marijuana. Although it negates the negative effects of marijuana, Marinol is very expensive: $500 dollars for 100 ten-milligram capsules. It is reported by patient s that Marinol is very strong but weakens severely after continued use. He also says that studies show that marijuana works more effectively than Marinol. That is why marijuana is a better choice of drug than Marinol both costliness and effectiveness (Clark, O’Brian par. 17). He believes that the only main concerns about medical marijuana are the chances of long-term complications and the fact that the dosage, sometime in the future, will have to be increased (Clark, O’Brien par. 18). He ends by saying that it is unacceptable for physicians to refuse to offer medicinal marijuana to patients. Some patients are suffering badly and traditional treatments are not working for them (Clark, O’Brien par. 18). The doctor is obligated to help the patient by any means necessary. Both of the articles talk about whether or not smoked marijuana is an effective way to administer cannabis to a patient. I believe that this argument is a very important argument in order to show which author supports their argument with strong, factual evidence. However, to do this effectively another more proven source must be introduced. The third article is a paper written by Tia Taylor from the American College of Physicians titled â€Å"Supporting Research into the Therapeutic Role of Marijuana†. This article is more scientifically based then the other two. The article is a position paper showing the American College of Physicians’ reasons why they believe the government should support the scientific study of medical marijuana. The position paper has very well written arguments; however, to reach a well thought out conclusion for this essay I will only use one authoritative argument. In â€Å"Supporting Research into the Therapeutic Role of Marijuana†, one of the arguments that Tia Taylor writes about is the difference between smoke marijuana and an orally administered form of marijuana (American College Par. 22). She says that when first administered, oral THC is much slower reacting than its counterpart is. According to the article, oral THC also produces adverse symptoms that last more extensively han those created from smoking marijuana do (American College Par. 22). The article says that smoked THC imbibes quickly through the bloodstream; therefore, the effects are felt quicker than orally administered THC. She ends by saying that in some situation smoked marijuana can be a more appropriate approach than the oral form of THC. At this moment, enough is known on the subject of oral THC opposed to smoke THC to make an informed decision on which author comprehensively argued his position. In his article, â€Å"Medical marijuana: an oxymoron†, David G. Evans says that smoked marijuana is an ineffective way to issue THC (Evans par. ). He also says that it is impossible to calculate the medical marijuana dosage this way. He finishes by discussing the adverse effect on health of marijuana. Although Kevin O’Brien does not talk about the efficacy of smoked marijuana, he does discuss the dosage problem of marijuana. He says that marijuana is a drug and since it is self-medicated, it is supposed to be cautiously used and not abused (O’Brien Par. 10). He also talks about the fact that marijuana is, in the long-term, harmful. However, sometimes there are no other options. Although both authors did not complete a very effective argument, David G. Evans’ argument is more plausible. His argument, in some ways, follows the analytical standard set. He talks more about facts than Kevin O’Brien, who uses more of an emotionally backed argument. The articles from Kevin O’Brien and David G. Evans have valid arguments. This part of the essay will examine the approach that each author took to discuss his respective opinion. Kevin O’Brien’s argument is less based on facts and more based upon emotion. He argues more about the fact that we should be sympathetic for those who need medical marijuana (O’Brien Par. 6). He loses a great deal of credibility relaying so heavily on emotion. David G. Evans bases his arguments on facts. He makes a considerable effort to leave emotion out of his article. He is a cancer survivor and he could have written regarding his own personal battle with a debilitating disease. However, he decided to make a more factual based argument. So therefore, in my opinion, David G. Evans article is more effective at getting his point across. Although this essay is about other authors’ opinion on a certain subject, this subject is very significant today. The national government is in dispute over the issue of medical marijuana, and not just medical marijuana; the government is debating whether to legalize marijuana completely. There are issues with medical marijuana that must be resolved before the government downgrades it to a schedule 2 drug. In addition, both authors recognized these issues and discussed them eloquently even though they had their own individual biases. The intent of this article is not to show that one of the authors was right and one was wrong, but just to show which author constructed a better argument. What needs to be taken away from this essay is the fact that the government needs to address the issue of medical marijuana straight out. Works citied â€Å"American College of Physicians. † Supporting Research into the Therapeutic Role of Marijuana. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2008: Position Paper. Evans, David G. â€Å"Medical marijuana: an oxymoron? † Skin Allergy News 36. 9 (2005): 14+. Academic OneFile. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. . Evans, David G. â€Å"Medical marijuana: an oxymoron? † Skin Allergy News 36. 9 (2005): 14+. Academic OneFile. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. . How to cite Article Analysis on Marijuana, Papers

Financial Market Institutes-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Provide 2 Australian examples of Financial Products that were issued in the last 5 years that failed where there was discussion (following the product failure) that investors were misled in relation to the credit ratings provided for the issued products. 2.Comment on the changes made by Credit ratings agencies in their ratings processes since the GFC. 3.In your opinion, have these changes gone far enough in preventing the likelihood of future product failures based on misleading credit ratings. Briefly justify your opinion. Answers: 1.Residential Mortgage Back Securities and collateralized debt obligations are examples of products that were considered as the failure since the investors were misled in regard to the credit ratings offered for the issued products. As a result of this there was a reduced needs of funding on the part of the issuers (Fong et al., 2014). The failure of Residential Mortgage Back Securities and collateralized debt obligations resulted the investors in losing some proportion of their savings related to superannuation that accounted to a loss of $25 million to $30 million. 2.Following the Global Financial Crisis, the credit rating agencies have adopted certain changes to address the failures. The credit rating agencies have public performance benchmarks scale for credit rating structured which would ultimately narrow the sophistication gap among the arrangers and investors that empowers the investors to perform their own value analysis and gauge into the false ratings. Increased amount of investors vigilance is helpful in promoting more competitive pricing strategies for higher quality debt and determine the tenacious incentives operating in the present work market. Credit rating agencies on their part will be more likely to volunteer their work so that it can accommodate greater public security. 3.Accordingly, these changes are yet to go far enough in preventing the probability of the future product failure based on the misleading credit agencies. Arguably, litigation risk is considered as the way of imposing standards on the credit rating agencies to prevent the recurrence offences. Global developments in this area seems to emphasis on the approach of discouraging the over-dependence on the ratings by the investors at the time of making investments decision. Reference list: Fong, K. Y., Hong, H. G., Kacperczyk, M. T., Kubik, J. D. (2014). Do security analysts discipline credit rating agencies?. Xia, H. (2014). Can investor-paid credit rating agencies improve the information quality of issuer-paid rating agencies?.Journal of Financial Economics,111(2), 450-468.